Power transmission



Dec., l5, 1959 C, A NERACHER ETAL 2,916,940

POWER TRANSMISSION original Filed May 9. 1939 14 sheets-sheet 1 WILL/AM A TEN /VELL/ HUGUSTIN J.YROl/Y OTTO, W. SCHUTZ /NL/E/vToR liz-' 4me/mu n. Nenne/1ER Tou/wv Dec, 15, 1959 C, A, NERACHER ETAL 2,916,940'

POWER TRANSMISSION Original Filed May 9, 1939 14 Sheets-Sheen'l 2 E. E -T IN1/EN Tons am, A. NERA effen WILLIAM fr DUNN TENo /A UELL/ nuefusr/N d. @www OTTQ vv., csc/H072 ATToRNEvs Dec. 15, 1959 c, A, NERACHER Erm.V 2,916,940

POWER TRANSMISSION Original Filed May 9. 1939 14 Sheets-Sheet 5 ATTORNEYS Dec. 15, 1959 C, A NERACHER ETAL POWER TRANSMISSION 14 Sheets-Sheet 4 Original Filed May 9, 1939 Dec. 15, 1959 c. A. NERACHER ETAL 2,916,940

POWER TRANSMISSION original Filed May 9, 1939 14 sheets-sheet 5 CARL A. NERAcHER WILL/AM T. DUNN 71E/vo ffm/ELU ,quauT/N ciasyfrow Dec. 15, 1959 C, A, NERACHER ETAL 2,916,940

POWER TRANSMISSION Original Filed May 9, 1939 14 Sheets-Sheet 6 VVE/V705@ TEA/0 m VIe-LLI 50.9 Huewsr/N d. QSYROVY OTTOBY w. sof/0T2:

Dec. 15., 1959 C. A. NERACHER ETAI- POWER TRANSMISSION Original Filed May 9, 1939 14 Sheets-Sheet 8 Dec.. 15, 1959 C, A, NERACHER ETAL 2,916,940

POWER TRANSMISSION Original Filed May 9, 1959 14 Sheets-$heet 9 CARL. A. NER/JGHER: if WILL/AM 7: DUNN TE/V /l/ELL/ AUGUST/N cLYRUY OTTO W. soHoTz BY M ggd ,'ZZ. ATTORNEYS- *n met. 15, 1959 C, A NERACHER ETAL 2,916,940

POWER TRANSMISSION Original Filed May 9, 1959 14 Sheets-Sheet lO "Il 2,@ zu ef ,245 2425' TEN /AUELL/ AUGUST/N d. YROVY OBYW. SCHUTZ OTT r ATTORNEYS.

Dec.. 15, 1959 C, A, NERACHER ETAL 2,916,940

POWER TRANSMISSION 14 Sheets-Sheet ll Original Filed May 9, 1939 CHRI.. H. NERHCHER WILLIAM 7.' DUNN TE N 0 IH VE LLI AUGUST/N T YRO'l/Y TTgY W. SCHUTZ f hww Q wh @co 15, 1959 C, A NERACHER ETAL 2,916,940

` POWER TRANSMISSION Original Filed May 9, 1939 14 Sheets-Sheet l2 -f II-E 1A INVENTORS CHRL H. )VER/70H51? WILL/HM 7." DUNN TENO /HVELLI HUGrUT/N J. SYROVY OTTO EXV. SCHUTZ /ff iff DSC 15 1959 c. A. NERACHER ETAL 2,916,940

` POWER TRANSMISSION Original Filed May 9, 1939 l 14 Shasta-Sheet 13 lNuE/v'roiqs NBRACHER T. Dun/N T/NY J. .syRon/y 4 o w. ecHoTz Dec., l5, 1959 c. A. NERACHER ETAL 2,916,941@

POWER TRANSMISSION l Original' Filed May 9, 1939 14 Sheets-Sheet 14 A fd@ L96 u zal "f f ATTORNEYS United States Patent NQ t POWER TRANSMISSION Carl A. Neracher, William T. Dunn, `Teno Iavelli, Augustin ll. Syrovy, and Otto W. Schutz, Detroit, Mich., assignors to Chrysler Corporation, Highland Parli, Mich., a `corporation of Delaware origini-.i application May 9, 1939, serial. No. 212,734. Divided and this application June 17, 1941', Serial' No.` masi 21 Claims. (Cl. 741-472) This invention relates to` power transmissions and `re-` fers more particularly to improved driving systems for motor vehicles.

This application is a division` of our copending application Serial No. 272,734, tiled May 9, 1939.

It is an object of our invention to` provide a transmission system` affording improved characteristics: of change speed control with a comparatively simple mechanism capable of long life.

Another object ot our invention isA to provide a transmission alording improved. meansV for changing speed ratios through the medium of positively engaging clutch means having synchronous control for ensuring clutching without shock or ratcheting noise.

A further object is to provide an improved system of vehicle drive incorporating both manual and `automatic change speed control affording improved vehicle driving functions.

We have provided an improved drive system incor porating a` fluid coupling and kickdownl transmission so constructed as to` provide great flexibility of can control` with very little elort such that nearlyall drivingmay be` done without manipulation of clutch pedals or gear shift levers and at the same time affording flexibility `of can control best suited to the changing requirements of torque multiplication and other power trausmittingfchanacteristics. quietness and smoothness; f car operationV and` facilitates manipulation of the car especially underi closer. traffic, conditions.

We preferably employ arelativelyfast axle: such that when the transmission is in direct. the overall drive, is the practical equivalentr of an overdrive without driving through gear trains at such time.. Thiais; practically obtanable without sacrificingcarperformaneegby our im.- proved synchronous clutching7 means whichA autprnatically responds to manipulations of the accelerator pedal for stepping the speed ratio upI or down.

With our transmissionlit is practicable for the driver to stay in a selected speed ratio setting while stopping and` thereafter obtain rapid car starting accelerations under favorable torque multiplication and faster ratio;boulevard` or country drive conditions without operating` clutch pedal or gear shift lever.

We have providedV a manual selection of highland low ranges in our transmission but in most` instances.` the low range is in the nature of anlemergency-low and when the iuid coupling is employed very desirable car accelerating characteristics are obtained by manual` selection of the high range.

According to the present embodiment of our invention, we have provided a transmission employing countcrshaft: gearing and providing four forward speeds and reverse. Manual selection may be made to high andmlow ranges in each of which an automatic shift occurs toa faster drive ratio and back to the selected range, the automatic shitting being eiiected by natural functional manipulations of the accelerator pedal.

Our driving mechanism affords. improved 2,916,940 Patented Dec.. 15, 1959 In one embodiment of our invention we have provided a speed responsive control on the'automatic shift means controllingthis shift in a novel manner.

Additional features of our invention `are found in the provision of a simplified remote shift mechanism for the manual control; an improved no-back control to prevent undesired backward car movement; and many features of construction and functional operation which will be more apparent from the following illustrative embodiments of the principles of our invention, reference being had to the accompanying drawings in which:

Fig. 1 is a side elevational View of the power plant and transmission for a motor vehicle.

Fig. 2 is a plan View somewhat diagrammatically i1- lustrating the power transmission assembly in relation to the vehicle driving ground wheels.

Fig. 3 is a sectional view of the remote control hand shift mechanism taken as indicated by line 3-3 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is a top plan view of the Fig. 3 mechanism taken as indicated by line 4 4 of Fig. 1.

Fig.` 5 is a sectional view along line 5-5 of Fig. l showing` a portion of the remote control shift.

Fig. 6 is a detail sectional View taken as indicated by line 6-6 of Fig. 5.

Fig. 7 is a detail sectional elevational view of a portion of the engine throttle operating mechanism shown in Fig. 1.

Fig. 8 is an enlarged side view partly in sectiony and p artly in elevation showing the Fig. 1 power transmission.

Fig, 9 is a sectional elevational view through the speed ratio changing transmission which is illustrated in elevation in Fig. 8.

Fig. 10 is a transverse sectional view looking rear-l wardly as indicated by line lll-l0 of Fig. 8, showingthe transmission portion of the remote shift mechanism.

Fig. 1l is a detail sectional view taken as: indicated by line 11-11 of Fig. 10.

Fig. 12 is a sectional plan view taken as indicated `by line 12.-.12 of Fig. l0.

Fig. 13 is a sectional view through` the.4 pressure uid controlled switch.

Fig. 14 is a transverse sectional View through thetransmission according to line 14--14 of Fig. 8,.

Fig. l5 is a detailed enlarged view ofthe synchronous.

blocker clutch or coupling mechanism.

Fig. 1.6 is a sectional plan view illustrated as a development according to line 16e-16 of Fig. 15, the automatic clutching sleeve being released.

Fig. 16A is a similar view showing the automatic clutching sleeve Vin its intermediate blocked position. Fig. 17 is a similar view showing the parts in full clutching engagement.

Fig.` 18 is a transverse sectional view taken as indicated by line it-i8 of Fig. 15.

Fig. 19 is a transverse sectional view through theltransmission as indicated by line ISL-19 of Fig. 8.

Fig. ZGis a detail sectional view taken as indicated@ by line 20.@26 of Fig. 19 showing the` pressure fluid discharge passages from the pump.

Fig. 21 is a sectional view illustrating the valving` coutrol for the pressure fluid before the `engine ignition is tur-nedon.

Fig. 22 is a sectional view of the Fig. 2l valving taken as indicated by line 21?.-22 of Fig. 2l.

Figs. 23 and 24 are views of the valving corresponda ing to Figs. 21 and 22 respectively but showing the valving positioned during low speed car drivey or with the kickdown control in operation.

Figs. 25Y and 26 are views of the valving.Correspoudel;V

3 ing to Figs. 2l and 22 respectively but showing the valving positioned in the normal driving range of the car.

Fig. 27 is a detail sectional View taken as line 27-27 of Fig. 20 showing the pressure liuid discharge passages from the valving for passage to the pressure fluid motor for operating the automatically shiftable clutch sleeve.

Fig. 28 is a detail sectional view taken as indicated by line 28-28 of Fig. 20 showing the lubricant supply passage system.

Fig. 29 is a diagrammatic view of the transmission control system.

Fig. 30 is a view corresponding to Fig. 9 but illustrating a modified form of transmission.

Fig. 3l is an enlarged sectional View of the synchronous blocker clutch or coupling of the Fig. 30 mechanism.

Fig. 31a is a view corresponding to Fig. 16 but illustrating the Fig. 30 modification, the View being taken as indicated by lines 31a-31a of Fig. 31.

Fig. 32 is a detail transverse sectional View according to line 32-32 of Fig. 3l.

Fig. 33 is a further detail sectional showing at line 33-33 of Fig. 31.

Fig. 34 is another sectional view taken along line 34-34 of Fig. 3l. Y

Fig. 35 is a sectional elevational view according to line 35-35 of Fig. 30 showing the no back control mechanism.

Fig, 36 is a detail sectional view according to line 36-36 of Fig. 30.

Fig. 37 is a fragmentary View of the Fig. 30 transmission modified to incorporate a control between the automatic shift sleeve and the countershaft overrunning clutch.

Fig. 38 is a sectional view along line 38-38 of Fig. 37.

Fig. 39 is a sectional view along line 39-39 of Fig. 37.

i Fig. 40 is a wiring diagram for the Fig. 37 transmission.

Fig. 4l is an enlarged diagrammatic view of the governor switch of Fig. 40.

Fig. 42 is a diagrammatic View of a portion of the Fig. 40 diagram illustrating a further modified control arrangement.

We have illustrated the principles of our invention in connection with a motor vehicle drive wherein the usual engine A transmits its drive through clutching means B, C within casing 50, the drive then passing through the change speed transmission D and propeller shaft 51 (Fig. 2) to the differential 52 and thence to the vehicle ground wheels 53 where itis desired to drive the rear wheels according to present day practice.

By preference, the arrangement is such that a fasterl rear axle ratio is afforded than is generally customary so that when the transmission is in direct drive, the car is driven in the equivalent of an overdrive ratio between the engine A andi wheels 53. YOur arrangement provides such conveniently operable kickdown or shift to a reduction drive from direct that the aforesaid arrangement ispracticable thereby obtaining advantages of economy, long life and quietness of operation without the disadvantages of sluggish operation especially for city driving conditions.

The engine A has the customary intake manifold 4 and the carburetor riser 55 containing a throttle valve 56 operable by a lever 57 throughout a range between the illustrated closed throttle position for engine idling and a wide open position limited by lever 57 engaging a stop 58. Lever 57 is adjusted by a driver operable accelerator pedal 59V pivotally mounted at 6@ on the toe-board 61 to swing downwardly against restoring spring 62 to thrust through the system of pivotally jointed links 63, 64 and connecting lever 65, the latter being pivotally supported at 66.

vice D (Fig. 7) serving to normally connect these parts as a solid member but affording thrust of link 64 forwardly after lever 57 has engaged its limiting stop 58 to effect The link 64 operates lever 57 through a lost motion de- Y the kickdown control on the transmission. Thus link 64 has its forward end slidable in guide 67 of finger 68 which is pivoted to the lower end of lever 57. A spring 69 acts between finger 68 and a collar 7i) fast on link 64 and yields only when link 64 is thrust forwardly after lever 57 has engaged stop 58, the spring otherwise transmitting thrust of link 64 to finger 68 without lost motion.

A bracket 71 limits separation between the link 64 and finger 68 and closes the throttle valve 56 when the accelerator pedal is released for upward swing by spring 62.

The throttle operating mechanism therefore is such that movement of pedal 59 throughout its normal range will cause a corresponding adjustment in the valve 56 between its limits of fully closed and wide open positions. When the pedal has been depressed to the wide open throttle position, lever 57 engages stop 58 and further depression of the pedal in its kickdown range of movement for the kickdown transmission control is accommodated by yielding of spring 69 while the throttle valve remains fully open. On release of the accelerator pedal, springs 69 and 62 both act until collar engages the rear liange 72 of bracket 71 and thereafter, throughout the normal range of throttle adjustment, spring 62 alone serves to restore pedal 59 and close the throttle valve.

The kickdown range of accelerator pedal movement is utilized to momentarily unload the engine of its drive, as by shorting the ignition, and to effect disengagement of the synchronous clutch sleeve for a change in the transmission from direct to underdrive accommodated by unloading the clutch sleeve of the engine drive. The throttle being open will cause the engine to rapidly speed up as soon as the ignition circuit is restored, the underdrive being automatically effective as will presently be more apparent.

The lever 65 has fastened thereto a second lever 73 directed forwardly to provide spaced fingers 74, 75 in the path of the actuator 76 of the snap-switch 77 which is a control part of the kickdown mechanism. When pedal 59 moves in its kickdown range, nger 75 throws actuator 76 rearwardly to close switch 77, the switch remaining closed until the pedal 59 is fully released, or substantially so, at which time finger 74 restores actuator 76 to the Fig. 1 position to open the switch 77. The ignition circuit, after interruption during kickdown, is not dependent for restoration on release of the pedal 59 but is restored by other means presently described.

We preferably transmit the drive from the engine A to transmission D through clutch means comprising a fluid coupling B of the kinetic type preferably in conjunction with a releasable clutch C of a `conventional design employed to facilitate manual shifts in transmission D and to accommodate stopping the car in gear without tendency of the coupling B to cause the car to creep.

' engaged by depressing a clutch pedal 84 (Fig.V l) which slides throw-out forwardly to operate levers 86 to unload driving pressure plate 87, springs 8S loading this plate and engaging the clutch when pedal 84 is released.

Shaft V83 extends rearwardly intothe housingk 89 of transmission D (Fig. 9) where it is formed with a main drive pinion and a set of external driving teeth certain of which slidably fit internal clutch teeth of the synchronous coupling clutch sleeve F so that sleeve F turns with transmission driving shaft 83 but may slide rearwardly from its Fig. 9 position relative thereto.

AThe drive gear or pinion 90 is hollow and journals, by a bearing 9,2, the forward end of the transmission driven structure or shaft 93 whichniaycarrya .propeller shaft brakedrum 94 having the `braking mechanism generally designated at `95 operably associated therewith. The drivepinion 90 is continuously meshedwitha gear 96 for driving the countershaft cluster 97 `rotatable on `a countershaft support 98. Theicluster 97 has a forward extension 99 journalled at 100within gear 96 and between these parts 99 and 96 there --is .providedtanroverrunning clutch G (Figs. 9 and 14.). The usual speedometer drive gears are shown at 100et xedto shaft 93 and 100b for driving the speedometercable.

The clutch G comprises a driving cylinder clutching member 101 formed within gear`96, and an inner driven cammed member 102 formed -on extension 99. `Rollers 1,03 are disposed between clutch members 101 and 102 .such `that these rollers are wedged to clutch these members together when the gear`96 rtends to rotate faster than extension 99 in the direction of forward .drive `of the car While allowing the extension -99 to freely overrun Ygear 96. Assuming the usual clockwisedirection `of `driv- .ing shaft 83, when looking `from the front to the rear, then clutch G engages when as viewed Eig. .14 the ;gear 96 tends to rotate clockwise faster than extension 99,. A cage 104 positions the rollers 103 in proper spacing, a spring 105 yieldingly urging `the rollers `in the di- :rection of their engagement as is customary in overrunning clutches.

The cluster 97 is further formed `with `reduction gears 106, 107 and reverse gear 108, these three countershaft gears being of relatively decreasing `diameter in the order mentioned. Gear 106 is in constant mesh with a gear 109 which is freely journalled on driven shaft 93. This gear has a forward extension formed with atset of external clutch teeth 110, 110ZL and a frictionconeelutch member 111, the gear having a rear extension also formed with a set of clutch teeth 112 and friction cone .clutch member 113. Teeth 110 are relatively long and alternate with relatively short teeth 110e. A

The gear 107 is constantly meshedwithailow speed gear 114 freely journalled on `driven shaft `93 and having a forward extension likewise formed with clutch teeth 115 and cone clutch member 116. The reverse gear 108 is adapted to mesh with `a reverse `idler gear 117 (Figs. and ll) when the latter is slid forwardly on its countershaft 118. At such time the idler 117 also meshes with a gear 119 fixed on the driven shaft 93.

The arrangement is such that `shaft 93 may be selec:-A tively clutched at the will of the driver with gears 114 and 109, the control comprisinga manual remote shift. The operation of clutch sleeve F is, `on the other hand, automatic in its operation of clutching driving shaft 83 with 'gear 109 or disconnecting Ythese parts. Themanual clutching control comprises the following mechanism.

Fixed to driven shaft 93 is `a hub 120 (Figs. 9 and 19) formed with external teeth 121 slidably engaged with the internal teeth 122 of the shiftable clutch sleeve H adapted for forward and rearward shift by a yoke 123 xed to a longitudinally extending shift rail `124 disposed to one side of shaft 93 adjacent the side .opening 125 of casing 89.

synchronizing blocker rings 126, `127 are `respectively disposed between gears 109, 114 and hub 120 and are driven with hub 120 with slight rotative clearance. These blockers have cammed teeth 128, 129 having a pitch circle the same as that of sleeve teeth 122 and teeth 112 and 1.15 and they are adapted to` frictionally engage the clutching members 113 and 116 respectively. 1f de sired, energizing springs 130 may be provided between the blockers to lightly urge them into engagement with cones 113 and 116 respectively so that the blocker teeth 128, 129 are misaligncd with the sleeve teeth 122 thereby preventing shift of sleeve H as long as the parts to be clutched are rotating at different speeds.

When sleeve H is moved forwardly, teeth 122 engage the-canirned ends of blocker teeth 128 thereby urging the blocker under `pressure .engagement'iwith `cone 113 to synchronize `gear 109 withshaft 93 {.clutchgheing-Sreleased during `manual dshift of .sleeve l-lto facilitate .the clutching action). Then .the blocker 1126 will rotate slightly relative to hub .120 'to .permit .the sleeve teeth 122 to pass through blocker-teeth `128,10 `engage teeth 112 to positively clutch `shaft '93 `vvithgear 109.A The rearward shift of sleeve `to clutch `with teeth 115 of gear 114 is synchronously Ieffected under .control of blocker 127 in the same manner. l A

The yoke 123 is `provided with 1a1boss V131 below rail 124 (Figs. 10 and 11,), `this `bossulhaving a slot 1 32 adapted to be engaged by an inwardly extending pin "133 carried by a lever 134. This lever `hasta lower `end 135 adapted to engage a slot 136 of a yoke 137 lixedto the reverse shift rail 138 parallel to andbelow rail 124. The yoke 137 engages the coll'r portion 139 of the shiftable reverse idler ,gear 117. Rails 1'24ar1d 138 are `int`er` locked by plunger 140 to prevent their simultaneous displacement. y H

Lever 134 is supported between its `ends by a pin A141 parallel to and above railj124, this `pin being carried by the yoked inner `end `142 ofshaft 143 rotatably mounted in the boss 144 of a cover 145 secured by fasteners 146 to the opening 125 o'f casing 89. ATiieshaft 143 has its axis extending across the axis f movement of the rails 124 and 138 and has a `leveri147 fixed to its outer end outside of thecover 145. A spring 148 reacts on shaft 143 and yieldingly urges flever '134 :clockwise ('Fig. 10) about pin 141 tendingito `maintairitpin 133 engaged in slot 132, and `end 135 free 'from slot 136. `A spring pressed ball detent 149 yieldingly maintains rail 124 `in neutral, forwardly (to clutch sleeve H with `teeth 112) or rearwardly -(to clutch sleeve `H with teeth 1115) by engagement of `this ballvdetent with `the rail recesses 150.,A 151 and 152 respectively. `The reverse rail 138 has neutral and reverse -positioning recesses `153, `154 respectively engaged selectively by a spring pressed ball detent 155 shown in Fig. 19. e

The upper end of lever 134 has a rwide face 156 engageable with the inner `end of a `plunger' 157 slidable inwardly through cover by a Bowden wire operating mechanism 158. When the wire 158 is pushed, `the plunger 157 engages lever face 156 to swing the lever 134 so that the end 135 engages slot 136 while pin 133 disengages slot 132. In such position, the shaft 143 may be rotated to shift rail 13S to mesh reverse idler 117 with gears 108 and 119 for the reverse drive. The plunger 157 maintains a sliding engagement with lever face 156 during this rotation of shaft 143. The remote control mechanism for effecting control of lever 147 and Bowden wire 158 will now be described (Figs. 1 and 3 6).

The fixed steering post 159 houses the usual steering shaft 160 operated by hand steeringwheel 161. Rotatably journalled within post 159 is a hollow shaft assembly 162 connected by pivot `pins 163 with the yoked` inner end 164 of the manually operable selector element or shift lever 165 which extends outwardly through an arcuate opening 166 formed in the head 167 fixed to post 159. Movement of lever 165 fore and aft about i the axis of shaft 162 will oscillate this shaft while movement of the lever up and down will rock the lever about a fulcrum 168 to cause reciprocation of-shaft 162 in the direction of its axis. e i

At the lower end of shaft 162 there is .a lever 169 fixed thereto, this lever having an `intermediate wide face portion 170 always engaged by the upper end of a plunger 171 xed to the forward end of Bowden wire 158. A spring 172 operates to yieldingly urge plunger 171engaged with the lower surface of portion 170 and plunger 157 positioned as in Fig.` l0 `free of lever face 156. A link 173 has its forward end pivotally engaged with the outer end of lever 169, the rear end of this link being connectedwith a bell crank lever 174A mounted on,

7 engine A at 175. The bell crank operates a second link 176 which has articulated connection with lever Y147.

In order to shift sleeve H with the teeth 115 of the low speed drive gear 114, the operator disengages the main clutch C by depressing pedal 84, and then swings lever 165 forwardly or counterclockwise from neutral as viewed in Fig. 4. This pushes the lever 147 for rearward swinging movement serving to shift rail and sleeve H rearwardly. Pedal 84 is then releasedfor the low drive. Shift of lever 165 rearwardly will slide rail 124 and sleeve H forwardly to clutch with the teeth 112 of the gear 109 to obtain the third speed ratio of the four available forward speeds. y

In order to effect the reverse drive, the lever 165 is first rocked upwardly in neutral to thereby push downwardly through shaft 162 yto cause lever portion 178 to operate through the Bowden wire 158 to swing lever 134 to engage lever end 135 with slot 136. Then the lever 165 is shifted rearwardly to cause lever 147 to rock the lever 134 to effect forward shift of rail 138 andidler 117 into mesh with gears 108 and 119. The clutch C is preferably released to effect manual shifts of sleeve H and reverse idler 117. Y

Blocking means is provided to limit rearward shift of clutch sleeve F whenever shaft 83 and gear 109 are rotating at different speeds, the blocking action being such that the sleeve F will clutch only when the engine is coasting. The details of the blocking means is best shown in Figs. 15-18, the arrangement providing improved blocker action with ample clearance. at the blocker teeth without excess backlash when sleeve F is fully clutched with teeth 110, 1.102.

The rear end of shaft 83 beyond pinion 90 is externally toothed, every other tooth being cut away, to provide spaces 177 between driving teeth 178. The

clutch sleeve F has internal teeth formed in a repeatingA pattern best shown in Figs. 16, 16A and 17. Every sixth tooth 179 is relatively long and engages one of the teeth 178. Spaced equally between each pair of adjacent teeth 179 is a tooth 180 also engaging a tooth 178.

VThe teeth 188 are cut back at their rear ends so that respect to the forward direction of rotation. Therefore,

one tooth 181a of each pair of blocker-engaging teeth 181, 181a extends rearwardly axially beyondthe other tooth V181 of such pair so 'that for convenienceof reference Yteeth 1815 may be 'said to be longer than teeth 181 although obviously the forward ends of teeth 181 and 181a may not be circumferentially aligned.

A blocker synchronizing ring 184 lies between the gears 109 and 90 and comprises a friction cup clutching surface 185 which may be formed as a line thread, or plain if desired, to engagerthe surface of cone 111 to obtain the blocker action. The blocker ring is formed at its rear end with upstanding blocker teeth 186 having cammed or bevelled forwardly directed end portions 187 (when teeth 181a are bevelled at 183) and flat portions 187a respectively engageable with the'carns 183 and flat ends of sleeve teeth 181e and 181. The blocker ring rotates with the driving shaft 83 and sleeve F with relative rotation accommodated so that 'blocker teeth may move between the solid line and dotted line 'showing 186 'in Fig. 16 at which times theblocker teeth are axially aligned with blocked teeth 181 and 181EL respectively.

The blocker ring drive is provided by a plurality of upstanding lugs -188 formed ras a part of ring 184. Ordinarily two lugs are sufficient, disposed at diametrcallyv opposite points. The rear edge of the driving shaft is cut or notched at 189 to receive a lug 188 with sufcient clearance circumferentially to allow the blocker teeth 186 to rotate Vrelative to the sleeve teeth within the aforesaid limits. A plurality of light springs 196 may be provided between the driving shaft 83 and blocker ring 184 to urge the blocker surface lightly into frictional engagement with cone 111 so'that the blocker ring tends to rotate with gear 109.

From the foregoing it will be apparent that whenever the speeds of shaft 83 and gear 109 are kdifferent from each other, the blocker ring 184 will move into position to block rearward shift of sleeve F. In Fig. 16, the

, urged rearwardly. When gear 109 rotates faster than the driving shaft, as when the engine coasts, then the fric-v tion drag atcone 111 drags the blocker ring rotatably forwardlyl (clockwise looking front to rear) ahead of the driving shaft until the lugs 188 engage the ends of slots 189 opposite to end engaged in the Fig. 16 showing. At this time the blocker teeth are at position 186. In either instance rearward shift of sleeve F is blocked by the blocker teeth 186.

The arrangement is such that the sleeve teeth 181,v

181a will not shift rearwardly of the blocker teeth 186 except when the engine and sleeve are coasting. fore, whenever the engine is driving the car and the sleeve F shifts rearwardly, the Vsleeve will be blocked against ratcheting with teeth 110, 1101. Furthermore, clutching of sleeve F is limited to coasting down of the engine toV synchronism with teeth 110, 1109' from a condition where the engine and sleeve F were rotating lfaster than the teeth 110, 1103.

The means for urging sleeve F rearwardly will be presently described. However, let us assume at this time that a force is applied rearwardly to sleeve F while the sleeve is in the Fig. 16 position of release. Several conditions may arise depending on whether the engine is driving or coasting. Let us iirst assume that sleeve F is urged rearwardly while the engine is driving the car in a reduction drive ratio as when the driving shaft 83 and sleeve F are rotating forwardly faster than gear 109.

Under such conditions the blocker 184 will lagvsleeve FV and the blocker teeth 186 and lugs 188 will be positioned as in Fig. 16 (solid lines). Now as the sleeve F moves rearwardly, the teeth 181 will strike teeth 186 and further shift of the sleeve will be blocked as long as the engine continues to drive in this relationship. This condition is shown in Fig. 16A which may be said to represent an intermediate or blocked position of the sleeve at the time that the sleeve is rotating faster than gear 109. If now the accelerator pedal is released to allow the engine to coast, while gear 109 continues` to freely rotate, the sleeve F will rapidly slow down until it synchronizes with gear` 109. Then, as the sleeve starts to drop below the speed of gear 109, the blocker 184 will rotate with this gear and the sleeve will lag the blocker by an amount equal to half the total travel ofl lugs 188 which total travel isl from the solid line position to the dotted position 188 of Fig. 16. The half travel is indicated by the position of lugs 188 inFig. 17. This is necessarily so because of the long teeth 1819' the rear ends of which (Fig. 16A) axially overlap the blocker teeth 186 so that the sleeve lags only until these teeth 181a strike the sides of the' blocker teeth at this approximately synchronized condition between the sleeve F and gear 109. As soon as this condition isA reached the sleeve F moves rearwardly so that the blocker teeth 186 pass between adjacent teeth 181, 1818 and thel long teeth 179 will each enter a space between the long' teeth so as to glance off a short tooth 110a. The

short teeth 110a in conjunction with long teetl1'179 in- Therek `9 sures initial .clutchingof thesleeve F andjgear.109 on the coast and furthermore provides "for an initial clutching Without shock, jar or damage to the clutching `.parts .or otherparts of the car mechanism; the engagement is also s osmooth as not to jolt lthe car occupants. ,Thus the long teeth 179.are .caughtbetween `pairs of adjacent long teeth .'110 for initial clutching and short teeth 110 afford additional drive Contact withthe sleeve `whenfully clutched (Fig. 17) and also serve `to cushion the initial clutching insmu'chas they limit teeth $179 from entering too far between teeth lilduring` the initial clutching action. As the "long teeth 179 glance off the teeth 1101, the engine coasts down slightly more until theteeth 179 strike against the .sides of teeth 110a and-atthis time the engine cannot coast down any more relative `to gear 109. Any continued coast of the engine will `simply serve asa brake on-the car travel or in other words the engine cannot then slow down except as permitted by the `car slowing down with it. During such further coast the drivefriction from teeth 110 to teeth 179 will ordinarily prevent the fullor secondary clutching movement of sleeve F as theforce applied to shift sleeve F is ordinarily by preference not sufficient to overcome this friction but the next time the torque is reversed between sleeve F and gear 109, as when the engine is speededup totake overthedrive, then the `sleeve will instantly shift fully rearwardlyto the Fig. 17 position. As the torque changes from coast `to drive, the teeth 179 cannot jump ahead beyond a short tooth 110a because of the impressed rearward force on sleeve F which will shift the sleeve the instant the sleeve .teeth are unloaded and also because on coast, `the teeth 179 wfill enter afslig'ht Aclistance'between a pair of teeth 110, 110a y,before further rearward .movement `of sleeve F .is prevented by the coast friction `between teeth :11,0 and blocker teeth 186. If, during thecoast when blocker teeth 186 rst enter the spaces `between teeth 181, 1812., the teeth .179 strike the `ends of teeth 110, thenthe sleeve will slide oftr these teeth `11.0, glance off teeth 1.10% and engage the sides of the next teeth .110 `forthe initial .clutching'. The long teeth 179 will in any event insure clutching on coast between the sleeve .F andgear .109 at approximately a condition of synchronism betweenthese parts.

`Frornfthe foregoingit will be apparent that-the long teeth 179 function as primary engaging teeth and the teeth 180, 1819 function as secondary engaging teeth in that` initial clutching is efiectedfirst of allby engagement of the primary teeth `179 with the longer teeth 1.10 of gear 109 followed by engagement -of the pairs .ofsecondary .teeth 180, 181a with the teeth of this gear as in Fig. 17. Here again, for convenienceof reference, teeth 110, 110a may `be respectively designated as `long `,and shortteeth to conveniently define their dilerencein'lengths radially in the direction of the4 driving shaft'83.

.Now let us assume that the force appliedrearvvardly to sleeve F occurs at a time when the sleeve lags `the blocker. flfhis condition mostgcommonly willjoccur when manual .change speeds are manipulated .iufthe transmission above `certain car speeds, `,during which time, as willpresently beapparentpthe clutch Cris .disengaged and sleeved;` -is therelzvy unloaded. :During such manual shifts., `the engine -slows down .whilethecar continues `to travel so `that the sleeve -will lag-the blocker and sa condition `will arise that the sleeve is urged .rearwardly while the blocker teeth and=drive lugs are-disposed-as tat 186 and h1.88', (Fig. `16) with `respect to sleeve QF. Under suchconditions the teeth 181? will almost Aimmediately engage teeth 186 and the sleeve will be blocked because the maine-.clutch KC will tbe engagedtprovision -lbeing made such Athat sleeve F is not `jurgel rearwardly 'until after clutch `Cistengaged `from a position `of release) `and the low-cam angle at 183 .and 187 will `not b e suicientto turn ,the-.blocker Jbackwardsfagainst the 'thrust at :friction t surfaces Ai111, 185. This `isian important Vrelationship 1in insuring against attempted clutching fof sleeve yF with teeth V110, 110a `at this nonsynchronized time and @we estesa 10 have @und that an. angle `vfat-.01..15 @1153 .and 1.37 wIl ibl'ofik ther-2.16m at this time.- (The 'main Lflinefv o'ff'the cammed .surfaces 183 and 187, when the canis'are employed, will presently 'be apparent in conjunction with getting a dead engine started `bytowing the cari) Now, with l.the sleeve teeth 181a blocked v`by the blocker teeth at positions `186' as when the engine is coasting, let us assume that the engine is speeded up. This will cause the sleeve lto rotate ahead of `the blocker until :lugs 188 engage `thefollowing ends of slots 189 as in Fig. l6jand the sleeve will move rearwardly until the parts are 'positioned as in Fig. `16A with teeth 181 blocked `by .teeth 186. The function'of the short teeth 18'1 relative to long teeth '181a will now be apparent because as the sleeve' F moves .ahead of 'the blocker, teeth 181a .slide olf .the

ends of teeth `186 but the .bloker 'teeth do not have 'time to enter the .spaces between teeth '1;81, 1.8.1'nl lbutinstead, the blocker teeth jump thesevspacesand block 'teeth 1 81 which are made sufticientlyshorter than teeth 181ato insure this`.action. `When the parts `assume the Fig. 16A

positions, then on slowing downtheyengine theclutching ofsleeve jF will occur during .the coast just as in Vthe foregoing example ofa typical `clu'tchingof the sleeve.

The automatic control 4for shifting sleeve F will now be described. 4This sleeve has a shifting groove 191 engaged by a shift yoke 192 whichextends upwardly and outwardly (Figs. 12, 14 and ,19) .in the casing 89 and then rearwardly in-the form of a'bar 19,3 .the end. of which is bent inwardly at shoulder `194 to slidably receive a shift rod 195. This rod extends longitudinally of the transmission and is .guided for reciprocation in the casing brackets 196, #1197. I he rod alsoslidably projects through yoke 192. Between shoulder 194 and yoke 1,92 the rod `195 is grooved at 198 Ato `receive an abutment snap' ring 19.9., .a compression spring 200 acting between this ring andthe yoke shoulder 194. A stronger spring 201 acts between the .fixed -bracket 196 anda second abutment ring 202 Liixed .to rod `195 rearwardly adjacent the yoke .shoulder 194 and serving to yieldingly thrust the rod together with .the yoke and sleeve F forwardly to the Fig. 9 position. .Rearward movement .of rod. 195 is 4limited `byan abutment 203 .engaging `bracket 197, the rod being capable of rearwardmovement in advance of rearward shift of sleeve E.

,Rearward .shift .of .rod 195 fis effected by power applyingmeanspreferablyin the form .of a pressurefluid motor I (Fig. 12) comprising a cylinder 204 slidably receiving a .piston 205 engaged .by the forward end of rod 1-95. A `cylinder .head 206 :limits forward :movement of the piston and rod under the jaction `of `spring 201. Pressure fluid, preferably oil, is admitted to the .cylinder between head `206 `and .piston `205 through the communicating delivery;passages.207, 208.

The passage 207 extends transversely .across the transmission while passage 208 extends downwardly-fand then rearwardly .through a horizontal `branch passage 209 (Figs. 14, 20 and 27). The latter `passage then branches laterallyoutwardly `at 210 to register with a delivery passage `211 of the valve casing 4212 secured tothe side `ofrthe transmission 4casing by fasteners 213. The casing 212 Ahousesathe valving means generally designated as K.

The oil pressure `.is developed by a pumping means comprising apump L (Figs. 19, 2l) .having an inner driving member `214 and an outer driven member 215 defining `intake and delivery chambers 21.6, 217 respectively. The

driving member 214 Ais secured to a .shaft 218 rotatable e in a stationary `pump housing 2119 closed by a cover 220 at its -outer end and supported by a zcasingbracket `221 at .its inner end. lhe inner end of shaft 218 carries Ya` gear 22,2 meshing -with a `pump drive gear 223 of the countershaft 9-7.

The intake-chamber 216 `receives arconstant supply of oil by an Vinlet :passage 224 `which opens to the voil reservoir-or sump 225 Aalong the tbottom of the transmission -cas1ngt89. The oil .undertpressure 1.is delivered :from fthe spiegarlo pump and chamber 217 forwardly through the branched delivery passages 226, 227. The passage 226 communicates with the upper end of a cylinder 228 above a main pressure relief valve 229 urged upwardly by a spring 230 so that when the pump is not delivering oil under pressure the valve stem 231 engages a head 232 as in Figs. 2l and 22.

A second cylinder 233l is formed in casing 212 forwardly of cylinder 228 and communicates therewith by a passage 234. Slidable in cylinder 233 is a valve for controlling oil delivery to motor I and in order to compensate for minor misalignment of the parts this valve is preferably made in two separate pieces 235, 236 al- Vthough they move together as a unit valve part and could be formed as one piece. Prior to oil delivery (Fig. 2l)

stem 238 thereof in turn urges valve part 235 upwardly until its stem 239 engages'the armature plunger 240 of a solenoid M. ln this position of the parts, the chamber 241 of valve part 235 registers with passage 234 so that when oil isrdelivered by passage 226 into cylinder 228, then valve 229 lowers (Fig. 25) to uncover passage 234 and the oil is delivered through this passage and into valve chamber 241. From this valve chamber the oil ows through the aforesaid passage branch 211 for supply through passages 210, 209, 20.8 and 207 to'motor I for forcing piston 285 and rod 195 rearwardly.

When valve 229 lowers by oil supply from delivery passage 226 (Fig. 25), spring 230 ensures the proper oil pressure delivery through passage 211 for operating motor I, the excess pressure forcing valve 229 down to uncover a passage 242 which leads inwardly (Fig. 26) to the top of a cylinder 243 which has the lubricant control valve 244. This valve thereupon lowers against a spring 245 so that the excess oil from passage 242 flows from cylinder 243 at the drain outlet 246 which leads baci; to the sump' 225. A portion of the oil delivered to cylinder 243 Hows under pressure determined by spring 24S throughran outlet 247 which extends rearwardly (Fig. 20) to supply lubricant to the working parts of the transmission. When the oil pressure is relieved above valve 244 (Fig. 22) the spring 245 seats the valve stern 248 upwardly at the top of cylinder 243 at which time the valve chamber 249 registers with drain outlet 246 and isolates this outlet from passage 242 so that the lubricating line 247 is filled and placed under pressure before drainage starts.

The oil delivered from the pump L through the lower branch passage 227 enters the cylinder 233 at 250 and with valve part 236 raised (Fig. 2l) this oil is trapped by the valve passage 251. The purpose of this arrangement is to ensure supply of lubricant V,under pressure to the line 247 even when the oil pressure is relieved at the motor J, as during kickdown and at other times presently to be described.

Thekickdown position of the valving K is represented irl-Figs. 23 and 24 wherein the solenoid M has been energized by closing switch 77 as aforesaid. When the solenoid is energized, the armature plunger 240 is forced downwardrmoving the valve parts 235, 236 to the Fig. 23 position'against the restoring action of spring 237. This relieves the oil pressure at the motor Jrby opening the supply passage 210 to a drain outlet 252 at the top por tion of cylinder 233. At the same time the valve passage 251 is moved down out of registration with the delivery passage 227 at cylinder inlet 250, the oil owing from the latter upwardly in cylinder 233 and then into cylinder 228 through a transfer passage 253. The oil then flows upwardly in cylinder 228 and with valve 229 fully raised by spring 238, the bottom of this valve exposes the passage 242 whence the oil ows into cylinder 243 and to the lubricating supply line 247. Therefore this line 247 is supplied with oil under pressure from pump L (when the latter is operating) regardless of whether the solenoid is energized (valve parts `235, 236 raised as in Fig. 25

12 or de-energized, (valve parts 235, 236 lowered as in Fig.'` 23). Y y 1 Any oil accumulating in the bottom portion of cylinder 243 is drained back to the sump through a vent passage 254 which has restricted communication with drain pas-` sage 255 of cylinder 228. This restricted communication insures an adequate supply of pressure uid from` transfer passage 253 to the lubricating line 247 when the parts are positioned asin Figs. 23 and 24 while providing drainage for the lower end of cylinder 228. Cylinder 233 is drained, below valve part 236, by a drain outlet 256.

The lubricating line 247 (Figs. 20 and 28) extends to the rear of the transmission whence the oil is conducted v upwardly vand inwardly through casing passage 257 and tie registered passage 258 of the fixed support 259 for the driven shaft bearing 260 (Fig. 9). The oil is then delivered to an annular groove 261 in the bearing retainer 262 whence the oil flows inwardly through registering radial passages 263, 264 and 265 respectively formed in retainer 262, bushing 266 and driven shaft 93. This shaft has an axial chamber 267 closed at its rear end by plug 268 and extended forwardly by the reduced passages 269, 270 which conduct oil outwardly at 271 and atvthe forward end of the shaft 93 for lubricating the various bearings for the gears and other working parts of the' transmission.

Whenever the car is being driven, the countershaft 97 is drivingly connected with the driven shaft 93 and this relationship is conveniently utilized for controlling the automatic operation of sleeve F as a function of car speed in the following manner. it is desired to note in passing that the governor control about to be described may, if desired, be omitted although it is included by preference in order to improve the functional operating characteristics of the transmission D.

Referring to Figs. 19 and 29 the pump drive gear 223 Y drives a gear 272 having a shaft portion 273 which opcrates a governor switch N of any suitable type. In

Fig. 29 the shaft 273 has a head 274 which carries a pair of weights 275 eccentrically mounted by pins 276. The weights are connected by a exible 277 which is normally bowed upwardly (when shaft 273 is rotating below a predetermined speed) to spring the electrical contact 278 into engagement with fixed contact 279 which is grounded at 280. Thus when the car is standing still or when shaft 273 is rotating below a predetermined critical speed, the wire 28.1 for contact' 278 is grounded through engagement of the switch parts 278, 279. When shaft 273 exceeds its critical speed, which may be varied as desired by the arrangement of weights 275 and spring 277, the weights 275 rotate about Y pins 276 sufficiently to ex the spring 277 downwardly whereupon contact 278 flexes down enough to open the switch bymoving out of contact with switch piece 279.

The wire 281 has the branch conducting wires 2,82,V 283. The wire 283 contacts a dash mounted switch 284, the circuit'continuing from this switch through wire 285 to a relay. This switch 284 is normally closedV and is preferably used only in emergencies so that the engine maybe started by towing the car without encounteringwire 289a'of the horn and solenoid relay 290, this wire then continuing at 285 to the switch 284.

The terminal 287 is connected to the usual storage` at metal member 

